The loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain is an underlying issue in Parkinson’s disease.
Currently approved or in R&D medicines for Parkinson’s disease treat the symptoms of the disease, such as mobility problems and tremors, but do not replace lost nerve cells or halt the progression of the disease itself.
Several drugs in development are disease-modifying therapies focused on protecting brain cells in an attempt to halt disease progression, or treatments aimed at generating new cells or repairing damaged nerve cells.
| Product Name | Sponsor | Indication | Development Phase* |
| AAV-hAADC
gene therapy |
Genzyme
Cambridge, MA University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA Voyager Therapeutics Cambridge, MA |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I |
| Duodopa®
levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel ORPHAN DRUG |
AbbVie
North Chicago, IL |
advanced Parkinson’s disease
(Fast Track) |
application submitted |
| AAV2 GDNF
gene therapy |
UniQure
Amsterdam, Netherlands University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I |
| Ampyra®
dalfampridine |
Acorda Therapeutics
Ardsley, NY University of Miami Miami, FL |
Parkinson’s disease
(improve gait) |
Phase I/II |
| AVE8112
(PDE4 inhibitor |
The Michael J. Fox Foundation for
Parkinson’s Research New York, NY Sano_ US Bridgewater, NJ |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I |
| AZD3241
(myeloper-oxidase [MPO] inhibitor) |
AstraZeneca
Wilmington, DE |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase II |
| BIA 9-1067
(opicapone) |
Bial
Coronado, Portugal |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I completed |
| DopaFuse™
levodopa continuous infusion therapy |
SynAgile
Piedmont, CA |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I |
| GM608 | Genervon Biopharmaceuticals
Pasadena, CA |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase II |
| HT-1067
(MOA-B inhibitor |
Dart NeuroScience
San Diego, CA |
Parkinson’s disease | Phase I |
| IPX203 | Impax Pharmaceuticals Hayward, CA | Parkinson’s disease | Phase II http://www.impaxpharma.com |
| istradefylline (KW-6002) | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma Princeton, NJ | severe Parkinson’s disease | Phase III http://www.kyowa-kirin-pharma.com |
| levodopa inhalation (CVT-301) | Civitas Therapeutics Chelsea, MA | Parkinson’s disease (adjunctive therapy) | Phase II http://www.civitastherapeutics.com |
| LY03003 (rotigotine extended-release microsphere formulation) | Luye America Pharmaceuticals Princeton, NJ | Parkinson’s disease (early-stage disease) | Phase I http://www.luye.cn/en/ |
| OS-320 (levodopa/carbidopa) | Osmotica Pharmaceutical Wilmington, NC | Parkinson’s disease | Phase III http://www.osmotica.com |
| P2B001 (pramipexole/rasagiline xed-dose combination) | Pharma Two B Rehovot, Israel | Parkinson’s disease (early-stage disease) | Phase II http://www.pharma2b.com |
| Phosphen® R-phenserine | QR Pharma Berwyn, PA | Parkinson’s disease | Phase II http://www.qrpharma.com |
| Rytary™ levodopa/carbidopa extended release | Impax Pharmaceuticals Hayward, CA | idiopathic Parkinson’s disease | application submitted http://www.impaxpharma.com |
| safinamide | Newron Pharmaceuticals Bresso, Italy | early-stage Parkinson’s disease (adjunctive therapy)
——————————— late-stage and mid-stage Parkinson’s disease (adjunctive therapy) |
Phase III http://www.newron.com
———————————— Phase III http://www.newron.com |
| tozadenant (SYN-115) | Biotie Therapies South San Francisco, CA UCB Brussels, Belgium | Parkinson’s disease (adjunctive therapy) | Phase II/III http://www.biotie.com http://www.ucb.com |
| V81444 | Vernalis Winnersh, United Kingdom | Parkinson’s disease | Phase I/II http://www.vernalis.com |
| vatiquinone | Edison Pharmaceuticals Mountain View, CA | Parkinson’s disease | Phase II http://www.edisonpharma.com |
| XP21279 | XenoPort Santa Clara, CA | Parkinson’s disease | Phase II http://www.xenoport.com |
| Florbenazine (18F-AV-133) | Eli Lilly Indianapolis, IN | Parkinson’s disease (diagnosis) | Phase II |
| NAV5001
(123-I labeled imaging agent) |
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Dublin, OH | Parkinsonian disorders (diagnosis) | Phase III http://www.navidea.com |
| NuroPro® neurotrophic factor companion diagnostic | Amarantus BioScience San Francisco, CA | Parkinson’s disease (diagnosis) | Phase I http://www.amarantus.com |
| Parkinson’s Disease—Related Conditions | |||
| ADS-5102 (amantadine controlled release) | Adamas Pharmaceuticals Emeryville, CA | levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Phase II/III http://www.adamaspharma.com |
| AQW051 (alpha7 nicotinic receptor) | Novartis Pharmaceuticals East Hanover, NJ | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Phase II completed http://www.novartis.com |
| AVP-923 (dextromethorphan/quinidine) | Avanir Pharmaceuticals Aliso Viejo, CA | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Phase II |
| camicinal (motilin receptor agonist) | GlaxoSmithKline , PA | gastroparesis in Parkinson’s disease | Phase II http://www.gsk.com |
| dipraglurant-IR (ADX48621) | Addex Therapeutics Geneva, Switzerland | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Phase II http://www.addextherapeutics.com |
| eltoprazine | Amarantus BioScience San Francisco, CA | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Phase II |